Theories in Origin of Earth – Other important theories – Geography Optional Notes

Jean and Jeffery’s tidal theory

The Tidal theory, which assumes the proto sun to be hot and incandescent, is somewhat reminiscent of Chamberlin’s theory that a intruding star would eject matter from the proto sun. However, Chamberlin’s theory assumed the proto sun to be initially a cold body.

The Tidal theory posits that the matter ejected from the proto sun are not random dust and gases, but rather planetesimals.

According to Jean and Jeffery’s tidal theory, the matter ejected from the proto sun took the form of a cigar-shaped filament, from which planets and other celestial bodies accreted.

The Tidal theory provides the best explanation for the relative sizes of the planets as they are arranged in the solar system.

Russel’s binary Star Hypothesis

In a binary star system, two stars are coupled together and rotate around a common center of mass.

According to this theory, an intruding star passes near the binary stars and ejects matter from one of the stars. However, it does not explain what happens to the intruding star or the remaining star from which matter was ejected.

The matter that was ejected circulates and eventually forms into planets that revolve around the proto sun.

This theory is useful for explaining why the composition of planets is different from that of the sun.

Hoyle’s supernova hypothesis

According to Hoyle initially there were two stars in the universe –

• Primitive Sun and
• Companion star

The companion star was a giant star that eventually underwent a supernova due to nuclear reactions.

As the nuclear reactions consumed all of the hydrogen nuclei in the companion star, it collapsed and violently exploded.

This violent explosion of the companion star caused an enormous amount of dust to spread and revolve around the primitive sun in the form of a circular disc.

The matter in this disc became the building material for the formation of the future planets.

As a result of the condensation of the matter in the disc, the planets in our solar system were formed.

Schmidt’s interstellar hypothesis

This theory proposes that the early universe consisted of stars and randomly distributed matter filling the space in between.

Schmidt postulated that dark matter began to revolve around the primitive, rotating sun and gradually accreted and condensed into the solar system. However, Schmidt did not explain the origin of this dark matter, which he referred to as “inter-stellar dust.”

Schmidt’s theory may be seen as an explanation for the processes that preceded the Nebular accretionary process of Laplace and Kant.

Although Schmidt’s theory lacks an explanation for the origin of the dark matter, it offers insights into the formation of the solar system by proposing that dark matter played a crucial role in the process.

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