India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its developments. Elaborate. (Answer in 250 words) 15

Introduction

Solar energy constitutes a crucial element of renewable energy, harnessing India’s abundant solar energy potential of 4000 trillion kilowatt-hours annually. Its numerous advantages, including its clean nature and straightforward production process, distinguish it from conventional energy sources. With India emerging as a significant contributor in this domain, the country’s substantial solar energy potential remains a focal point. India’s commitment within its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) involves achieving 100 gigawatts of solar power out of the 175 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2022. Presently, the capacity stands at 43 gigawatts.

Body

Regional Disparities:

• Rajasthan and Kutch’s arid regions benefit from ample sunlight, making them conducive for solar energy generation.
• Himalayan and northeastern regions, with their low solar insolation and challenging terrain, pose constraints for viable solar energy generation.
• The rooftop solar panel initiative holds promising potential in enabling urban areas to become net electricity producers.
• States in closer proximity to the tropics receive abundant solar insolation, emerging as key solar energy hotspots.
• Coastal states like Kerala exhibit moderate solar generation potential due to extended monsoon seasons compared to inland states.

Challenges Facing the Solar Energy Initiative:

• Excessive production resulting in significantly reduced tariff rates.
• Obstacles related to production and technology, including heavy reliance on imported lithium for photovoltaic cells, predominantly sourced from China.
• Inadequate integration of solar energy with the existing power grid infrastructure.
• Complexities associated with land acquisition for the development of solar parks, presenting a precarious undertaking.

Conclusion

The Indian government has invigorated the solar energy sector through various initiatives and policies such as PM KUSUM, SARAL Index, the implementation of floating solar plants in Gujarat, and engagement with the International Solar Alliance (ISA). Solar energy, renowned for its minimal carbon footprint, holds the potential to serve as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources, aiding India in meeting its commitments under the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and the Panchamrit proposals at COP26 in Glasgow.

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