From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons. (Answer in 250 words ) 15

Introduction

India’s agricultural metamorphosis, evolving from the brink of famine in the 1960s to emerging as a significant food exporter in the 21st century, stands as a testament to a harmonious blend of policy choices, technological advancements, and the dedicated efforts of its farming community.

Body

• The Green Revolution (1960s and 1970s): A pivotal catalyst, the Green Revolution introduced high-yielding seed varieties, particularly in wheat and rice. Coupled with modern farming techniques, the utilization of fertilizers, and improved irrigation facilities, this immensely bolstered agricultural output. The movement initially took shape under the leadership of Dr. M.S. Swaminathan and Norman Borlaug.
• Enhanced Irrigation: Projects such as the Bhakra-Nangal Dam and the expansion of canal networks ensured a more dependable water supply for agricultural activities, decreasing reliance on the monsoon.
• Agricultural Policy Measures: The implementation of Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for various crops guaranteed income stability for farmers, stimulating increased production.
• Infrastructure Advancements: Investments in rural infrastructure, including roads and storage facilities, facilitated efficient transportation and storage of agricultural produce.
• Advancements in Agricultural Research and Education: Institutions like the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and agricultural universities have remained forefront in conducting research, leading to the development of superior crop varieties and farming methodologies.
• Diversification into High-Value Crops: Over time, Indian farmers diversified their produce to include horticulture, aquaculture, and floriculture, thereby enhancing export potential.
• Initiatives like Operation Flood: Introduced in the 1970s, this initiative transformed India from a milk-deficient nation to the world’s largest milk producer. Market Reforms: Post-1990s, efforts were made to diminish the influence of intermediaries, aiming to secure better prices for farmers and streamline the supply chain.
• Global Market Engagement: As global demand for food products, particularly in the Middle East and Africa, surged, India’s agricultural exports discovered new markets.
• Government Schemes: Measures such as the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for improved water management, the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) for holistic development, and e-NAM for enhanced market access have further fortified the agricultural sector.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a convergence of technological advancements, policy initiatives, and market-oriented strategies propelled India from a net food importer to a significant exporter. While obstacles remain, this trajectory underscores the potential of concerted endeavors in attaining food security and economic prosperity.

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