Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture. (Answer in 250 words) 15M

The relationship between humans and animals dates back to the upper Paleolithic period, around 12,000 years ago. Since then, animals have been a constant companion to humans on earth.

Among the animals, lions and bulls have been particularly significant in human life, and their presence can be traced from the Stone Age period to modern India. The following provides an elaborate understanding of the various aspects in which they have played a role.

Mythology

Vehicle of Goddess Durga

Lion is the ‘vahana’ or vehicle of Maa Durga. The animal also represents the power of Maa Durga.

Nandi Bull of Shiva

Nandi, which means “giving delight” or “giving joy” is the sacred bull of the Hindu god Shiva.

Art

Sculpture

National Emblem of India

• The design is inspired by the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
• The monument features four lions standing back to back, along with an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and another lion, all separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
  • The Bull symbolizes the zodiac sign of Taurus.
  • The Lion represents the attainment of enlightenment.

Indus Valley Bronze Bull

The presence of bronze in the Indus Valley Civilization, which was a Bronze Age Civilization, is signified by the bronze bull.

Bull in Tamil Nadu Rock art

The findings of rock art in Tamil Nadu have revealed that early humans attempted to capture and domesticate bulls.

Architecture

Mauryan Pillar

• Capital figures such as the bull, lion, elephant, etc. were carved on the top portion of the pillar.
• The lions depicted on the pillar symbolize the power of a universal emperor (chakravarti) who dedicated all his resources to the victory of dharma in Mauryan times.

Sanchi Stupa

• The most famous of the Ashokan stupas is the Sanchi Stupa located in Madhya Pradesh.
• A rock engraving of a winged lion and a bull has been discovered in the torana (gateway) of the stupa.

From ancient times to the modern era, lions and bulls have played a significant role in India’s culture and history, with their importance even reflected in the country’s national symbols.

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